Globe Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder sparked a row recently by calling on State of israel to launch immediate peace negotiations with the Palestinians. The statement was perceived as criticism against Lauder'south personal friend, Prime Government minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Later, Lauder reiterated his "unequivocal" back up for Netanyahu and "policies that seek to create a lasting peace in the Eye East". Lauder's remarks made headlines and sparked both enthusiastic and angry responses not just considering of his of import office, only as well – and mainly – because he is a very rich human.
Wall Street: Many Jews Forbes mag estimates his wealth at $ii.7 billion. His family owns the Est̩e Lauder cosmetics giant, he is one of the biggest art collectors in the world, and owns dozens of telly channels and media outlets in the United States and worldwide, including 25% of State of israel'south Channel 10 TV. He is a heavy donor to endless Jewish and Israeli organizations, bodies and officials Рincluding Netanyahu. Lauder is definitely not the simply American Jew funneling money to Israel while influencing the country. Many Israeli adults used to receive a parcel from "the rich uncle in America" during their childhood. Thousands of organizations, including hospitals and universities, receive billions of shekels in donations from the Usa. A Hebrew University written report found that they brand up near 2-third of all donations in Israel.
Each new immigrant receives aid from the Jewish Agency, whose upkeep is generally fabricated upwards of donations from the US. Many of united states of america live on lands the Jewish National Fund bought from Arabs by Jewish-American money. A haredi yeshiva student gets NIS one,000 ($295) a month from the Israeli government, and another NIS 3,000 ($885) from haredi American donors. The online Jewish Encyclopedia says some five.6 million Jews live in the Usa (not including one-half a one thousand thousand Israelis) – nearly ane.8% of the population. About of them reside in rich cities: Miami, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Boston, and mainly New York.
A written report of the Pew Forum found from 2008 found that Jews are the richest religious group in the US: Forty-half dozen of Jews earn more than than $100,000 a year, compared to 19% amid all Americans. Another Gallup poll conducted this year establish that seventy% of American Jews savor "a loftier standard of living" compared to 60% of the population and more than whatever other religious group.
Hollywood: Many Jews More than 100 of the 400 billionaires on Forbes' listing of the wealthiest people in America are Jews. 6 of the xx leading venture capital letter funds in the US belong to Jews, according to Forbes. Google founder Sergey Brin has a Jewish male parent, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is Jewish, as is his deputy, David Fischer, the son of Bank of Israel Governor Stanley Fischer. The chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Shalom Bernanke, is Jewish too, equally is he predecessor, Alan Greenspan, and the Fed founder, Paul Warburg. Jews are well represented in Wall Street, Silicon Valley, the The states Congress and Administration, Hollywood, Tv networks and the American press – manner across their percentage in the population. The United States is among the richest countries in the world, making American Jews one of the wealthiest indigenous groups in the universe. Their success story is even more phenomenal because the speed in which they became rich.
But several thousand Jews lived in the Usa upon its establishment on July 4, 1776, most of them Marrano and people who were exiled or escaped from Spain in favor of colonies in North America. In the mid 19th century, some 200,000 Jews immigrated to the US, mostly from Germany and fundamental Europe. Nigh of them were Reform Jews, well-established, who saw themselves as Germans and Americans more than than every bit Jews. They scattered across the continent and set up businesses, from small stores and factories to financial giants similar Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs. The slap-up wave of immigration began in 1882. Czarist Russian federation, which was habitation to virtually half of the globe's Jews, went through a failed industrial revolution and was on the verge of collapse, while the Jews living in small towns became impoverished and suffered from cruel pogroms. Inside 42 years, some two million Jews immigrated to the Us from Ukraine, western Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Romania. They fabricated upwards 25% of the Jewish population in those countries, about 15% of the earth's Jews, and 10 times the number of Jews who immigrated to the Land of Israel during that menses. The US became the world's biggest Jewish concentration. The mass clearing to Israel began in 1924, when the United states enacted tough laws which halted the clearing. The immigrants arrived in the United states of america on crowded boats, and about of them were as poor every bit church mice. Dr. Robert Rockaway, who studied that period, wrote that eighty% of The states Jews were employed in manual work before World State of war I, almost of them in textile factories. Many workplaces were blocked to the Jews due to an anti-Semitic campaign led by industrialist Henry Ford. Most of them lived in crowded and filthy slums in New York – Brooklyn and the Lower East Side. Many films and books describe the world established in those neighborhoods: Vibrant, only tough and brutal. There was a lively culture of cabarets and small Yiddish theaters, alongside a Jewish mafia with famous crime bosses such as Meyer Lansky, Abner "Longie" Zwillman, and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, who grew up in the filthy alleys. Many of the Jews, who were socialists in Europe, became active in labor unions and in workers' strikes and protests. Many trade unions were established past Jews. The Jewish immigrants, however, emerged from poverty and fabricated faster progress than whatever other group of immigrants. According to Rockaway, in the 1930s, virtually 20% of the Jewish men had complimentary professions, double the charge per unit in the entire American population. Anti-Semitism weakened after Globe War II and the restrictions on hiring Jews were reduced and later canceled every bit part of the 1964 Ceremonious Rights Human activity, thanks to the struggle of liberal activists, many of whom were Jews. In 1957, 75% of US Jews were white-collar workers, compared to 35% of all white people in the US; in 1970, 87% of Jewish men worked in clerical jobs, compared to 42% of all white people, and the Jews earned 72% more than the general average. The simply remnant of their poverty is that most of them still support a welfare policy and the Democratic Party.
As they became richer, Jews integrated into social club. They moved from the slums to the suburbs, abased Yiddish and adopted the clothes, culture, slang and dating and shopping habits of the non-Jewish elite. Most Jews left faith when they immigrated to the US, but returned to it afterwards on and joined Reform and Bourgeois communities, condign more akin the Americans, about of whom are religious Christians. Alongside the Jews, millions of immigrants arrived in the United states from Ireland, Italia, China and dozens of other countries. They too have settled down since then, but the Jews succeeded more than everyone. Why? All the experts nosotros asked said the reason was Jewish education. Jewish American student organization Hillel found that 9 to 33% of students in leading universities in the US are Jewish.
"The Jewish tradition always sanctified studying, and the Jews fabricated an endeavor to study from the moment they arrived in American," says Danny Halperin, State of israel'southward former economical attach̩ in Washington. "In improver, the Jews take a stiff tradition of business entrepreneurship. The Irish, for instance, came from families of land workers with a dissimilar mentality, studies less and initiated less. "The Jews progressed because many areas were blocked to them," says Halperin. "Many Irish were integrated into the police force forcefulness, for example, and only few Jews. The Jews entered new fields in which there was need for people with initiative. They didn't integrate into traditional banking, then they established the investment banking." "The movie theater industry was created from scratch in the 1930s, and the Jews basically took over information technology. To this mean solar day there are many Jewish names in the summit echelon of Hollywood and the tv networks. Afterward, they took loftier-tech by storm too Рanother new industry requiring learning abilities."
"The Jews were the kickoff people to undergo globalization," says Rebecca Caspi, senior vice president of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA). "They had a network of global connections way before other nations, and a potent and supportive community.
"The Jewish communal organisation is considered a role model for all other indigenous groups. It helped the Jews everywhere and especially in the United states of america, which was always more open than other countries and provided equal opportunities, while on the other hand –wasn't supportive of the private." How practise customs institutions help people succeed in business?
"The common help immune poor Jews to report. My family is an example of what happened to millions. My gramps arrived in New York with ii dollars in his pocket. He sold pencils, and and so pants and so other things, and in the meantime studied English, High german and Spanish and established ties.
"He had five children, and the family unit had a small store in Brooklyn. They got help from the HIAS Jewish organisation, which allowed them to study. They were then poor that they didn't have coin for textbooks, then the siblings helped each other. My father was the youngest, and until he started university the four older siblings had already managed to settle down, so they all helped him complete his medical studies." "The Jews had to excel in order to survive," says Avia Spivak, a professor of economic and former Bank of Israel deputy governor. "I one time had a student of Russian descent, who told me that his parents said to him, 'Yous must be the all-time, because then you might go a small part.' "That was the situation of the Jews abroad, and in America also until the 1960s. The near prestigious universities didn't take in Jewish students, so they studied in colleges and got the best grades. When the discrimination disappeared, the Jews reached the top." Is that why they succeeded in the US more than in other places?
The discrimination lessened in well-nigh countries. I think Jews succeeded in America in particular because capitalism is good for the Jews. Jews take a tendency for entrepreneurship, they written report more and have quick perception, know how to seize opportunities and have networking skills. A competitive environs gives Jews an advantage."
Is that the reason Israelis are not as rich as American Jews?
"I think the 'Jewish genius' – which is not a genetic issue but a cultural outcome – is expressed in Israel in other areas. The Jews in America arrived in a state with existing, stable and strong infrastructure. Here they had to build the entire infrastructure from scratch, nether harsh conditions."
There is no doubt that American Jews' huge success helped Jews survive in Israel.
"The help is beyond the bodily donations," says Caspi. "The federal assist arrives largely thanks to the Jewish pressure. Israeli businesspeople use their connections in America to open up markets and raise funds, specially for the venture capital industry." The American aid strengthens the connection betwixt the two communities – which together make upwards about 80% of the Jewish people – simply besides creates discomfort on both sides: The Americans view State of israel every bit a "shelter for a rainy day" and feel committed to help the State, only some feel their money is being wasted due to wrong moves; the Israelis live in fear of what will happen if and when the assist stops. The fear is increasing, with 1-third of United states of america Jews marrying non-Jews and stating that they feel less connected to Israel. "Israel would have been established and would have survived even without the American help, simply it would take been poorer," says Halperin. "In that location are areas, similar higher education, in which the aid is critical – and if it suddenly disappears, things will be hard."
Every time there are arguments betwixt the Israeli government and Jews in America, Israeli and American public figures warn that "one day they'll have enough and cease donating." Can that happen?
"The telescopic of donations is decreasing in the past few years," says Halperin. "The Jews have a sense of belonging to the American order and requite their donations to American organizations. They want to encounter their names at a New York museum rather than at Jerusalem museum.
"As the Holocaust becomes more distant, the fear for Israel's existence drops. In addition, State of israel is no longer perceived as a poor country. And the Americans have their own issues: The financial crisis and education in the US, which is becoming more and more expensive. The donations will gradually drop, and may eventually disappear. "But it's hard for me to believe that the donations will disappear at once because of a political crunch. Information technology looks like our authorities is trying to arrive happen with all its might, merely fortunately, it can't even do that."
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